The ALP serves as the guiding principle for various transfer pricing methods used to determine the arm’s-length price for transactions between related parties. Here’s a glimpse into how it interacts with some common methods: 1. Comparable Uncontrolled Price (CUP) Method: The Comparable Uncontrolled Price method directly applies the ALP by comparing the price charged in a controlled transaction to the price charged in comparable uncontrolled transactions. For example, if a UAE-based company sells goods to a related entity in Canada, the price should be comparable to what independent entities charge under similar conditions in Canada. This method provides a clear and straightforward application of the ALP when reliable comparables are available. 2. Resale Price Method: This resale price method adjusts the resale price charged to an independent third party by subtracting an appropriate gross margin, which represents what an independent reseller would earn under similar circumstances. This gross margin is adjusted to reflect the arm’s-length principle, ensuring that the profit margin left after subtracting from the resale price aligns with market standards for similar independent transactions. 3. Cost Plus Method: Under the Cost Plus Method, a markup is added to the costs incurred by the supplier of goods or services. This markup is determined based on the markup that would be applied by independent entities in similar transactions, thus adhering to the ALP by ensuring the final transfer price is reflective of market conditions. 4. Transactional Net Margin Method (TNMM): TNMM involves comparing the net profit margin of a controlled transaction against that of comparable uncontrolled transactions using an appropriate profit level indicator. This method adjusts for differences in functions performed, assets used, and risks assumed to ensure that the net margins are aligned with what would be expected in transactions between independent parties, thereby applying the ALP. 5. Profit Split Method: The Profit Split Method divides profits from controlled transactions in a manner that reflects the division between independent parties engaged in similar transactions. It considers the relative value of each party’s contribution to the transaction, which is assessed on the basis of what independent entities would typically contribute under comparable circumstances. 6. Transactional Profit Methods: Both TNMM and the Profit Split Method fall under the broader umbrella of Transactional Profit Methods, which focus on outcomes rather than price or cost inputs alone. These methods ensure that the profits attributable to multi-jurisdictional transactions align with the value created in each jurisdiction, consistent with the ALP.